The EXAIR Vortex Tubes use compressed air to generate a cold air stream at one end and a hot air stream at the other end. The history behind this phenomenon is rooted in the Ranque-Hilsch tube.
In 1931, a French physicist, Georges Ranque, tried to use a cyclone vortex to separate iron filings from the air. He noticed that when he capped one end with a slight opening, the air would become very warm. Being disappointed with the design flaw, he shelved his patented idea for several years. In 1946, Rudolf Hilsch picked up this idea from Georges Ranque and refined the design. This product has now become known as the Vortex Tube. In this blog, I will cover Rudolf Hilsch as a person of interest.
Rudolf Hilsch was born in December 18th, 1903 in Hamburg, Germany and died on May26th, 1972. In 1927, Rudolf received his doctorate at the age of 24. In 1938, he worked with a colleague, Robert Pohl, to create one of the first working semiconductor amplifier. From 1941 to 1953, Hilsch became a professor of physics at Erlangen, and in 1947, he published his paper on the Ranque-Hilsch tube which he called the “Wirbelrohr”, or whirl pipe. This publication became well known and was the start of the Vortex Tube.
To expand a bit more into his publication, the design for spinning the air at a high rate of speed can produce a separation of temperatures. It starts with a generator to help facilitate a vortex action. As the vortex travels toward one end, a portion of that air will travel back through the center toward the opposite end. (Reference picture below). As these two vortices interact, conservation of momentum forces the inner vortex to give off energy in a form of heat to the outer vortex. This separation of temperatures will give you a hot air stream and a cold air stream. This type of device can do this without any moving parts or refrigerant. You just have to supply a compressed gas.
To continue on with his career, in 1953, he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Also, at that same time, he started teaching physics at the Physics Institute of the Georg August University of Göttingen well into the 1960s.
EXAIR manufactures Vortex Tubes that utilizes this phenomenon with compressed air. We stock units with cooling capacities up to 10,200 BTU/hr and can reach temperatures from -50oF to +260oF (-46oC to +127oC). So, thank you Mr. Ranque and Mr. Hilsch for creating a product to generate hot and cold air in a single unit. If you would like to discuss any applications where cooling or heating is needed, you can talk with one of our Application Engineers. We will be happy to help.
John Ball
Application Engineer
Email: johnball@exair.com
Twitter: @EXAIR_jb