Tag: coanda profile

Entrainment: How it Works and Why EXAIR Products are Engineered to Use it.

Published on by John BallLeave a comment
EXAIR Super Air Nozzle entrainment

Because of the large amount of energy required to run an air compressor, the pneumatic system is considered the fourth utility in a manufacturing plant.  And saving this commodity and using it as efficiently as you can, should be a priority.  EXAIR has many products that can save energy by using less compressed air.  And the story behind this is entrainment explained by Bernoulli’s equation. 

Bernoulli’s principle explains how a high velocity fluid can generate a low pressure.  (You can read more about Bernoulli’s principle HERE.)  Let’s start by looking at Equation 1.

Equation 1:

P + d * V2/2 = C 

P – pressure

d – density of the fluid

V – velocity

C – a constant

As you can see from Equation 1, when the velocity goes up, the pressure must go down.  When we have a lower pressure, then the surrounding fluid will fill that void.  Since air is a fluid, we can use high velocity to entrain the surrounding ambient air.  The free air will add to the compressed air to give the airstream mass for a hard-hitting force.  This ratio of ambient air to compressed air is called entrainment.  The higher the entrainment, the more efficient the product.  Bernoulli’s Principle can be applied in two ways; as a Coanda and as a Venturi.  EXAIR uses both methods in our products for creating low-pressure effects. 

Compressed air flows through the inlet (1) to the Full Flow (left) or Standard (right) Air Knife, into the internal plenum. It then discharges through a thin gap (2), adhering to the Coanda profile (3) which directs it down the face of the Air Knife. The precision engineered & finished surfaces optimize entrainment of air (4) from the surrounding environment.

The first way is from a Coanda profile.  Coanda, named after Henri Coanda, noticed that a fluid would “hug” a curved surface.  (You can read more about Henri Coanda HERE.)  The high velocity air going around the curved surface will generate a low pressure above it.  You can imagine an airplane wing generating that low pressure to fly.  We use this with our FullFlow and Standard Air Knives, our Air Wipes, and our Air Amplifiers.  With a Coanda profile, we can get an amplification ratio up to 30:1, which means that for every 1 part of compressed air, 30 parts of ambient air is entrained.  We are able to create an efficient blow-off device by using the Coada profile. 

To generate even lower pressure, this can be done by a Venturi.  This phenomenon is named after Giovanni Venturi, who discovered that by increasing the velocity through an orifice, the surrounding fluid will move with it, generating a lower pressure.  (You can read more about Giovanni Venturi HERE.)  Remember the higher the velocity, the lower the pressure from Equation 1 above.  We use the Venturi effect on our Super Air Knives, E-Vacs, Line Vacs, and Super Air Nozzles.  As compared to our FullFlow and Standard Air Knives, the Super Air Knives can generate an amplification ratio of 40:1.  As an engineered product, we were able to increase efficiency even further. 

EXAIR has been manufacturing Intelligent Compressed Air® products since 1983.  We can provide solutions that are efficient, effective, and safe for blow-off systems.  In comparison, the other blow-off devices are like incandescent light bulbs, while EXAIR products are like LED light bulbs.  Entrainment of free ambient air can save you a lot of money when using your compressed air system.  If you would like to discuss solutions to use less compressed air and improve your bottom dollar, an Application Engineer at EXAIR is available to help.   

John Ball
Application Engineer
Email: johnball@exair.com
Twitter: @EXAIR_jb

Entrainment: How It Works, and Why EXAIR Products Use It.

Published on by John BallLeave a comment
EXAIR Super Air Nozzle entrainment

Because of the large amount of energy required to run an air compressor, the pneumatic system is considered the fourth utility in a manufacturing plant.  And saving this commodity and using it as efficiently as you can, should be a priority.  EXAIR has many products that can save this energy safely and effectively.  And the story behind the efficiency of EXAIR products is Bernoulli’s equation. 

Bernoulli’s principle explains how a high velocity fluid can generate a low pressure.  (You can read more about Bernoulli’s principle HERE.)  Let’s start by looking at Equation 1.

Equation 1:

P + p * V2/2 = C 

P – pressure

p – density of the fluid

V – velocity

C – a constant

As you can see from Equation 1, when the velocity goes up, the pressure must go down.  When we have a lower pressure, then the surrounding fluid will have to fill that void.  Since air is a fluid, this is how we can entrain the free ambient air while only using a small amount of compressed air.  Bernoulli’s Principle can be applied in two ways; as a Coanda and as a Venturi.  EXAIR uses both methods in our products for creating low-pressure effects. 

Compressed air flows through the inlet (1) to the Full Flow (left) or Standard (right) Air Knife, into the internal plenum. It then discharges through a thin gap (2), adhering to the Coanda profile (3) which directs it down the face of the Air Knife. The precision engineered & finished surfaces optimize entrainment of air (4) from the surrounding environment.

The first way is from a Coanda profile.  Coanda, named after Henri Coanda, noticed that a fluid would “hug” a curved surface.  (You can read more about Henri Coanda HERE.)  The high velocity air going around the curved surface will generate a low pressure above it.  We use this with our Full Flow and Standard Air Knives, our Air Wipes, and our Air Amplifiers.  With a Coanda profile, the low pressure will entrain the surrounding air to add mass to the air stream.  We can get an amplification ratio up to 30:1, which means that for every 1 part of compressed, 30 parts of ambient air are entrained.  We are able to create an efficient air moving (blow-off) device by using the Coanda profile. 

Generating even lower pressures can be accomplished with a Venturi.  This phenomenon is named after Giovanni Venturi, who discovered that by increasing the velocity through an orifice, the surrounding fluid will move with it, generating a lower pressure.  (You can read more about Giovanni Venturi HERE.)  Remember the higher the velocity, the lower the pressure.  We use the Venturi effect on our Super Air Knives, E-Vacs, Line Vacs, and Super Air Nozzles.  When compared to our Full Flow and Standard Air Knives, the Super Air Knives can generate an amplification ratio of 40:1.  We were able to engineer the product to increase the air entrainment efficiency even further. 

EXAIR has been manufacturing Intelligent Compressed Air® products since 1983.  We provide solutions that are efficient, effective, and safe for air moving and blow-off systems.  Consider the following analogy; homemade air movers and blow-off devices are the equivalent to incandescent light bulbs. EXAIR products are the equivalent to LED light bulbs.  More efficient design leads to lower operating cost, higher efficiency and a higher level of effectiveness. Entrainment of free ambient air can save you a lot of money and increase your mass flow with your compressed air use to generate higher forces on your targets.  If you would like to discuss solutions to use less compressed air, an Application Engineer is available to help.    

John Ball
Application Engineer
Email: johnball@exair.com
Twitter: @EXAIR_jb

EXAIR Solenoid Valves and Ball Valves

Published on by John BallLeave a comment

EXAIR has been a pioneer in compressed air products for efficiency, safety, and quality.  We have designed our products using some interesting inventors from the past; like Henri Coanda and Giovanni Venturi.  These fluid dynamic engineers found a way to entrain ambient air.  We use these phenomena to increase the efficiency of our products by adding free ambient air to the airstream.  This will create a hard-hitting force without using a lot of compressed air.  Since compressed air is very expensive to produce, it will save you much money when using our blow-off devices.  To save even more money, EXAIR does offer valves to turn off the compressed air supply when not in use.  In this blog, I will go over the types of valves that we have.

The Manual Valves allow operators to turn on and off their system by hand. The full-flow ball valves range from ¼” NPT to 1 1/4” NPT in size and will not restrict flows.  EXAIR also offers a manual foot pedal valve for hands-free operations.  This ¼” NPT foot valve has a 3-way operation and works great if the operator has to use both hands in their process.

EXAIR also offers Solenoid Valves to turn on and off the supply of compressed air electrically for automated systems. We offer Solenoid Valves in three different voltages; 110Vac, 240Vac, and 24Vdc.  They have a large range of flows with ports ranging from ¼” NPT to 1” NPT.  All models are UL listed and are CE and RoHS compliant.

In more elaborate situations, EXAIR has attached these solenoid valves to a miniature PLC-like controller.  It is called the Electronic Flow Control, or EFC.  It uses a photoelectric eye to detect the part and trigger a timing sequence.  We have eight different timing operations to best combine the trigger mechanism with the blow-off device.  This is the next step in optimization, which will keep the compressed air usage to a minimum. 

EXAIR created a chart that shows “Six Steps to Optimizing Your Compressed Air System.”  Even though EXAIR has the most efficient products on the market for pneumatic systems, we still want to help our customers save even more money.  When not in use, the compressed air should be turned off, according to the fourth step.  In this blog, I discussed some products that can assist you with this.  If you wish to discuss further how to optimize your compressed air system, an Application Engineer at EXAIR will be happy to assist you. 

John Ball
Application Engineer


Email: johnball@exair.com
Twitter: @EXAIR_jb

Bed Coffee and the Coanda Profile

Published on by bdwagesLeave a comment
Photo by Stocksnap and licensed by Pixabay

Every weekend my wife craves her “bed coffee”. I do my best to bring her some coffee in bed at least one, if not both weekend days. It makes her happy, and when she’s happy… The only thing I truly despise about this act of kindness is the actual pouring of the coffee. Now, I’m a decently smart guy but pouring this weekend coffee is a mess. Every time I end up with coffee on the counter, and many times on the mug. And when it gets on the mug it’s over, because it goes to the bottom of the mug and if I forget to wipe that off? Well, it gets on the sheets, because she inevitably rests her coffee on the sheets, and somehow this is my fault, and now she’s not happy anymore… (in fairness, she is still happy and just busts my chops about this part). But why does this happen to me?

It is a little refreshing to realize that I am just a victim of this scientific phenomenon called the Coanda profile. When I start to pour the coffee, the stream adheres to the outer wall of the coffee pot. This causes the coffee to run down the pot and onto the counter, where the cups are sitting (getting that mug bottom soaked in coffee). This is partially caused by the Coanda effect, and partially caused by me not being awake enough to outsmart a coffee pot. The simple solution is to simply increase the flow rate, right? This is correct however, this does not eliminate the Coanda Effect. In fact, even if you are smarter than me you will notice, after you pour the coffee, there is liquid on the side of the pot. That liquid may only be in the form of steam but it’s there, just to a lesser degree. The solution to avoid the mess, is to adjust the pot so that the pour angle is such that gravity overpowers the majority of the Coanda effect. Many times, in my case, this adjustment is too late…

The Coanda phenomena closely depends on several factors, the speed of the jet flow (pouring at a steeper angel), the flow rate (pouring more or less volume over time), and the profile of the container. I believe that a mad scientist invented my particular coffee pot with full intention of messing up countertops all over the world. In fact, he may be a super villain.

At EXAIR, we utilize the Coanda Profile to our benefit on most products. Here are 2 products that are perfect examples of how we use the Coanda Profile to maximize the performance of our products.

Air Amplifiers use the Coanda Effect to generate high flow with low consumption.
Compressed air flows through the inlet (1) to the Full Flow (left) or Standard (right) Air Knife, into the internal plenum. It then discharges through a thin gap (2), adhering to the Coanda profile (3) which directs it down the face of the Air Knife. The precision engineered & finished surfaces optimize entrainment of air (4) from the surrounding environment.

As you can see above, using the Coanda Profile correctly, dramatically increases the efficiency and the entrainment of air in our products. Between the Coanda effect, and the air entrainment, some of our products like the Super Air Amplifiers can output up to 25 times the amount of air that they consume.

Please contact us at anytime to see how the intelligent compressed air products of EXAIR can assist you in your application. And, don’t forget about bed coffee, it’s a win win for you and your spouse…

Thank you for stopping by,

Brian Wages

Application Engineer

EXAIR Corporation
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Cover Photo by monileoni and licensed by Pixabay

Villain image by chrismaguirang and licensed by Pixabay