If you hang around with me for long enough, you will grow to understand that I love comedy movies. One of my favorite production groups is Broken Lizard. You might know some of their work and, just to be clear, I have seen all the movies, watched two of the guys’ TV shows, and listened to some of their podcasts. When trying to come up with a title for today’s blog, I looked up synonyms for “Accessorize”. The picture below shows the results.
If you haven’t seen Super Troopers, then I am not sure if we can continue to be friends. Actually, I won’t hold it against you. There is a scene in the movie where they are trying to get some information from a photo and so Ramathorn is sitting at a computer and working on the photo. He continually types and says, “Enhance” several times until the chief briskly informs him to just print the photo already. Unfortunately, I can’t share the clip here because there may be some inappropriate language at the end of the clip, so just believe my poor description that it is funny.
Well, all the products EXAIR offers in our Accessories catalog section will ENHANCE your point-of-use compressed air application. Whether it be a point-of-use filter/ oil removal filter, and a regulator with mounting brackets and coupling kits to ensure you have clean air being utilized. See the video below for just how well they work and why they are important to an installation.
Items like Swivel Fittings, Stay Set Hoses, and even lengths of Air Hose can give versatility in locations where hard piping and getting precise alignment of the air stream are needed. This can save the installer of a blowoff many fittings and hours of time on installation. The Swivel Fittings give a lock-in-place adjustment capable of 25° from centerline at 360° of rotation.
The Stay Set Hoses are another tool-free adjustable mounting option for point of use compressed air products. The ability to get rid of copper tubing, which is costly and can kink if proper tools aren’t used to bend it, is great for easy installation in the field. To see how easily they can be used, check out the video by John Ball below.
Even after these products we still offer a number of accessories that will aid operators in their production environment. If you want to discuss any part of the EXAIR product offering, please contact an Application Engineer today.
Brian Farno, MBA – CCASS National Business Development Manager
The symbols on top denote the EXAIR products below (left to right): Flowmeter, Pressure Gauge, and Solenoid Valve
When it comes to drawings and diagrams to map out a process system, the piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) are a great way to situate and find components. They use different symbols to represent the types of products, the layout of the system, installation, and process flow. These standard symbols are created by ANSI or ISO. They are used in electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic processes. I will cover some pneumatic symbols and the process flow in this blog.
A colleague, Russ Bowman, wrote an article about “Knowing Your Symbols Is Key To Understanding Your Drawings”. As a reference, air compressors are the start of your pneumatic system, and there are different types as represented by the symbols below.
Air compressors are considered the fourth utility in industries because they use so much electricity, and they are inefficient. So, you need to use the compressed air as efficiently as possible. As a typical pneumatic system, the air compressors, receiver tanks and compressed air dryers would be on the supply side. The distribution system, or piping, connects the supply side to the demand side. This symbol is represented by a simple line. The demand side will have many different types of pneumatic devices. Since there are so many, ANSI or ISO has created some common types of equipment. But if there isn’t a symbol created to represent that part, the idea is to draw a basic shape and mark it.
From top left, and then down: Automatic Drain Filter Separator, Oil Removal Filter, Pressure Regulator, and Super Air Knife
As an example, if I were to do a P&ID diagram of the EXAIR Super Air Knife Kit, it would look like the above diagram. The kit will include the Super Air Knife with an Automatic Drain Filter Separator and a Pressure Regulator. The Filter Separator is a diamond shape and, since it has an Automatic Drain, a triangle is placed at the bottom. Filter Separators are used to clean the compressed air and keep the Super Air Knife clean. The Automatic Drain will discard water and oil from the filter bowl when it accumulates over the float. The next item is the pressure regulator, which is represented by a rectangle with an adjustment knob to “dial in” the desired blowing force. And at the end, we drew a rectangle, which represents a Super Air Knife, as marked.
Using the P&ID diagram for the process flow is important. You noticed that the Filter Separator would come before the Pressure Regulator. This is significant when installing this system. Did you remember the statement above about “using your compressed air as efficiently as possible”? Inefficiencies come from two basic areas; pressure drop and overusing your compressed air. Pressure drop is based on velocity. The lower the velocity, the lower the pressure drop. For the second part about overusing compressed air, the Pressure Regulator will help. You want to use the lowest amount of air pressure as possible for the Super Air Knife to “do the job”. The lower air pressure will use less compressed air in your operation.
EXAIR products are engineered to be safe, efficient, and effective in your compressed air system. If you need help to place them in your P&ID diagrams, an Application Engineer can help you. It is important to have the pneumatic devices in the proper place. If you want to efficiently use your compressed air, you can use EXAIR products for your blow-off devices. We have been doing this for a long time.
One of the advantages to compressed air operated equipment is the ability to precisely “dial in” the performance by regulating the supply pressure. Consider an EXAIR Super Air Knife, for example. The flow & force can be adjusted from a “breeze to a blast” and any point in between, via a point-of-use Pressure Regulator. I know of users who operate them with a supply pressure as low as 5psig (that’s the “breeze”) and as high as 120psig (that’s the “blast”), depending on the requirements of the application.
EXAIR Stainless Steel Super Air Knives are popular in food processing applications (left to right): removing excess moisture prior to flash freezing of fish fillets, preventing clumping while packaging shredded cheese, and (my personal favorite) ensuring a consistent and even glazing of fresh, delicious doughnuts.
For a wide variety of typical industrial blowoff applications, a supply pressure of 80psig is a good place to start. So, it stands to reason that the compressed air header pressure will have to be at least 80psig. If the piping/distribution system is sized properly to carry the total amount of air flow you need to the points of use, though, it doesn’t need to be an awful lot higher than 80psig…and that’s a good thing. Here’s why:
Any fluid encounters friction as it flows through a pipe (or hose or tube) which causes a drop in pressure along every bit of the length of flow. The larger the pipe (or hose or tube) the lower the friction and hence, the lower the pressure drop. Now, that’s only important if you care about how much you’re spending on running your air compressor(s). Consider this:
We’ve got a customer that puts our Model 110042 42″ Aluminum Super Air Knives on machinery they make & sell to their customers. This Air Knife will use 121.8 SCFM when supplied at 80psig with the stock 0.002″ thick shim installed, and does the job quite well, most of the time. Some specific applications, however, need higher flow & force from the Air Knife, so our customer offers, as an option, the Super Air Knife with a 0.004″ thick shim installed. Since this doubles the air gap, it also doubles the air consumption. They’d plumbed the supply line to the Air Knife per the recommended in-feed pipe sizes from the Installation & Maintenance Guide:
Super Air Knife Kits include a Shim Set, Filter Separator, and Pressure Regulator.
Since the drop was less than 10ft long, they used a 3/4″ pipe, which was fine…until they installed the 0.004″ thick shim, which meant the air consumption doubled, to 243.6 SCFM. To get that much flow, at 80psig to the Air Knife, they had to increase their header pressure to 110psig, from the 90psig level at which they had been running. This was well within the operating parameters of their air compressor, but it made the compressor work harder, so it used more energy…and cost more to run. In fact, every 2psi increase in compressor discharge pressure results in a 1% increase in operating horsepower (source: Compressed Air & Gas Institute Compressed Air Handbook, chapter 4, page 8).
So, by increasing the discharge pressure by 20psi, the compressor’s power draw (and hence, operating cost) went up 10%. Now, I never found out what size their customer’s compressor was, but I DID look up prices for SCH40 black iron pipe, and for an 8ft length, the 1″ pipe was only $10-15 more than the 3/4″ pipe they were using. Since 243.6 SCFM is roughly 60HP worth of a typical industrial air compressor load (industry thumb rule says they use about 1HP to make 4 SCFM), we can assume that it’s at least a 75HP compressor. Using the following formula to calculate the operating cost while it’s drawing 80% of full load (while making a few reasonable assumptions):
Cost ($) = bhp x 0.746 x # of operating hours x $/kWh x % time x % full load bhp motor efficiency
bhp = motor full load horsepower (frequently higher than nameplate HP but we’ll use nameplate 75HP to be conservative) 0.746 = conversion from hp to kW # of operating hours (assume a month’s worth, 8 hours/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks/month=800 hours) $/kWh (assume $0.08/kWh) % time = percentage of run time at this operating level (assume 85% of the time) % full load bhp = brake horsepower as percentage of full load bhp at this operating level (assume 60HP load, 85%) Motor efficiency = motor efficiency at this operating level (assume 95% fully loaded)
75HP x 0.746 x 800 x $0.08 x 0.85 x 0.85 = $2,723.29 .95
An additional 10% power draw changes the % full load bhp to 95%, and the cost for monthly operation is:
75HP x 0.746 x 800 x $0.08 x 0.95 x 0.85 = $3043.68 .95
That’s an extra $320.00 spent on running the compressor (per month) at 110psig discharge pressure, instead of an extra $15.00 spent on a larger pipe (one time cost) to run it at 90psig.
This is just one example of the effect of “artificial demand”, which is, essentially, wasted energy due to running your system at a higher pressure to compensate for undersized lines, leaks, intermittent high loads, etc. In addition to helping you specify the right supply line size for your compressed air operated products, we can assist with leak detection, intermediate storage, regulating supply pressures for differing loads, and replacing inefficient devices with engineered products. If you’d like to talk about any, or all, of that, give me a call.
Russ Bowman, CCASS
Application Engineer Visit us on the Web Follow me on Twitter Like us on Facebook
I was once on a local theater’s website, ordering tickets to an upcoming show that my wife and I were excited to see. I had the option to pay online and have a digital code emailed to me in lieu of a real live paper ticket. Can you believe they wanted to charge me almost $2 A TICKET for that?!? I adamantly refused (by that I mean I clicked the mouse extra hard on the “Will Call” button before completing my payment)…and saved that $4 (almost) for something REALLY important.
The night of the show, there was a 20-minute line at the Will Call window. Folks who had opted for the digital code were doing a quick scan with their smartphones and walking straight into the theater. I used the $4 I saved to partially pay for a $10 glass of wine from a concession kiosk in the lobby, as a peace offering for my lovely bride. That was indeed “something REALLY important.”
Another time, I was ordering a sump pump backup system for our house. I had the option of paying extra for the deluxe system, which came with all the fittings and a special tool to make installation a bit easier. Even though the ‘deluxe’ system adder was probably a bit more than the cost of the fittings from my local hardware store, I paid the “convenience fee” and got the deluxe system anyway. For the record, during the installation, I realized I would have bought an incorrect fitting at the local store which would have forced an emergency trip while I had the water turned off in my whole house. THAT was an inconvenience I was glad to have avoided.
Similarly, you can buy any EXAIR product with, or without, accessories that’ll make for simpler installation, improved performance, and to ensure it does what you want it to do. Some of these are product-specific, but many are suitable (and recommended) for use with any of our products:
Filter Separators
Good engineering practice calls for point of use filtration for any compressed air operated device. Even if you have the best intake & discharge filters on your air compressor, trace amounts of contaminants can sneak through, pipes can rust, and water vapor that the dryer doesn’t catch can condense. Particulates can build up and eventually clog the tight clearances in many engineered compressed air products, and if you’re using air for cleaning, drying, etc., keep in mind that whatever’s in your air will get on your product. Moisture isn’t always as big of a deal, but it can freeze inside Vortex Tubes, Spot Cooling Products, Cold Guns, and Cabinet Cooler Systems. That’s why we include Filter Separators in our Air Knife, Air Wipe, Static Eliminator Products, Line Vac, Adjustable Spot Cooler, Cold Gun, and Cabinet Cooler System Kits.
Automatic Drain Filter Separators come in sizes from 1/4 NPT to 1-1/4 NPT, for compressed air flows up to 400 SCFM.
Oil Removal Filters
These aren’t always needed, but we have them if your application calls for it. Some of the “usual suspects” are food & Pharma (see above “whatever’s in your air will get on your product”), blowoff prior to painting (the smallest amount of oil on the surface causes a phenomenon known as “fish eye” and it looks exactly like that sounds), or when your compressor is known to have oil carryover.
When properly installed downstream of an Automatic Drain Filter Separator (left,) an Oil Removal Filter (center) will provide clean, oil free air to the Pressure Regulator (right) and all downstream components.
Pressure Regulators
One of our Six Steps To Optimizing Your Compressed Air System is to control the air pressure at the point of use to minimize air consumption. In other words, find the supply pressure for your product that gets the job done, so you don’t use any more compressed air than you have to. Like the Filter Separators above, these come with many EXAIR Intelligent Compressed Air Product Kits.
Pressure Regulators “dial in” performance to get the job done without using more air than necessary.
Mounting Brackets and Coupling Kits
Most of our Filter Separators, Oil Removal Filters, and Pressure Regulators can be attached to a wall, panel, etc., with a Mounting Bracket, and can actually be attached to each other with a modular Coupling Kit. These parts simplify the installation, ensure they are oriented correctly, and minimize the chance for air leaks.
Filters (left) and Pressure Regulators (center) can be mounted using Brackets, and they can be connected together with Modular Couplers (right).
Silencing Mufflers
Many EXAIR products are engineered to develop a boundary layer of low velocity air flow that greatly reduces the sound level during operation. Other products use a venturi mechanism to draw a vacuum (Reversible Drum Vacs and E-Vac Vacuum Generators) or a Vortex Tube to generate cold air flow. The air flow from these products cannot be subjected to back pressure, and, without anything to mitigate the sound pressure generated by the rapid pressure drop as the air exits, they can be quite loud. For these, we have Silencing Mufflers that, except for the largest & most powerful of these products, reduce the sound level to be compliant with OSHA Standard 1910.95 Maximum Noise Exposure Limits.
From left to right… Reclassifying Mufflers offer the highest noise level reduction, eliminate oil mist, and come in sizes from 1/8 NPT to 1 NPT. Sintered Bronze Mufflers are low cost and compact, with threads from #10-32 to 1-1/2 NPT. Straight Through Mufflers use an internal sleeve of sound reducing foam, with threads from ¼ NPT to ¾ NPT, with male threads on one end and female threads on the other. Heavy Duty Mufflers have an aluminum shell and an internal stainless steel screen that keeps contaminants like rust from being ejected in a dangerous way. We have them in ¼ NPT and ¾ NPT sizes.
Solenoid Valves (left) are available for 120VAC, 240VAC, and 24VDC in sizes from 1/4 NPT to 1 NPT. We offer manual Ball Valves in sizes from 1/8 NPT to 1-1/4 NPT.
Swivel Fittings, Stay Set Hoses, and Magnetic Bases
EXAIR Super Air Nozzles are threaded for installation with common air pipe & hose fittings. If the pipe isn’t pointed in the exact right direction, a Swivel Fitting gives you 50° of adjustability. If the pipe isn’t quite close enough to what you want to blow off, Stay Set Hoses come in lengths of 6″ to 36″, and when bent to aim the Air Nozzle, they ‘stay set’, as advertised, until they need to be moved. If a pipe doesn’t exist and you need to run an air hose from the nearest drop on the header, Magnetic Bases can support the Air Nozzle and a Stay Set Hose to get the air where you want it. They even have shutoff valves to turn them off when they’re not in use (that’s a good thing; see above).
Save installation time AND get your blowoff pointed in the right direction!
Hoses and Compressed Air Fittings
If you need one of the aforementioned air hoses to reach a Magnetic Base or to supply a Safety Air Gun, we have two diameters to choose from – 3/8″ ID (1/4 MNPT threads on the ends) and 1/2″ ID (1/2 MNPT threads on the end), and we can make them to any length you need. And, while our selection probably isn’t quite as comprehensive as your local piping supply shop, we stock a number of pipe nipples, Couplers, Reducers, Tees, and Elbows that are commonly used with our products. So – like my backup sump pump deluxe kit, we can put all the fittings you may require in the same box for you.
Contact an Application Engineer if you have ANY questions about how to properly supply compressed air to your EXAIR products.
At EXAIR, we’re here to make sure you get the most out of our products, and your compressed air system. If you need accessories to help with that, give me a call.
Russ Bowman, CCASS
Application Engineer Visit us on the Web Follow me on Twitter Like us on Facebook
